Thursday, October 6, 2011


Six ways to never get lost in a city again

Many people now rely on their smartphones, sat-navs or other GPS devices to find their way around. But when these fail us, and there's no-one to ask for directions, there's a more natural way to navigate, says Tristan Gooley.
It's not every week that a massive solar flare knocks out the GPS network, but all it takes is a flat battery or a mechanical fault to hobble your automated orientation aids.
And if there's no-one around to ask and no paper map on hand, you could be in trouble.
Natural navigation may be just what you need. This involves working out which way to go without using maps, compasses or any other instruments. It relies on awareness and deduction, so does depend on retaining some awareness of direction throughout each journey.

1. TV satellite dishes

Satellite dishes on homes in a Welsh townLook for satellite dishes and signs of weathering
These really are the "get out of jail free" cards in an urban area.
This is because the dishes point at a geostationary satellite, one that stays over the same point on the Earth's surface.
In the UK there is a dominant satellite broadcaster, hence nearly all the dishes tend to point in the same direction - close to southeast.
The same applies in rural areas - especially those blessed with pubs screening sport.

2. Religious buildings

Aerial view of a churchEast is east
From earliest times, religious buildings and sacred sites have been laid out to give clues as to direction.
Christian churches are normally aligned west-east, with the main altar at the eastern end to face the sunrise. Gravestones, too, are aligned west-east.
To find direction from a mosque, you need to go inside and look for the niche in one wall, which indicates the direction for prayer. This niche, known as al-Qibla, will be the direction of Mecca, wherever you are in the world.
And synagogues normally place the Torah Ark at the eastern end, positioned so worshippers face towards Jerusalem. (Synagogues in countries east of Israel will face west.)

3. Weathering


Start Quote

Tristan Gooley
I teach people to find their way using only the sun, stars, moon, plants, animals, weather and buildings”
Tristan Gooley
The prevailing winds carry rain and pollution. These then hit the buildings, leaving patterns.
The wind comes from the southwest in the UK more often than from any other direction. This results in asymmetrical weathering patterns on buildings - similar to the erosion seen in nature.
Look up, above the cleaned glass and metals of the lower floors, to the natural stone or weathered bricks higher up.
Notice how the building's corners all show subtly different weathering patterns.
The contrast between southwest and northeast corners is the greatest. But the shifts in colours, where the rain and pollutants have left their mark, can be read on all sides with a little practice.
Trees, too, indicate direction, with the very tops combed over by the prevailing wind.

4. Flow of people

Commuters leave Waterloo Station, LondonRush hour crowds point the way
Pacific navigators learned to follow the birds in their search of land. They quickly realised that while an individual bird can behave eccentrically, a pair - or even better a flock - will follow a pattern.
The same is true of human beings. There is no point following an individual, you could end up anywhere. But following a crowd in the late afternoon will take you towards a station or other transport hub. In the mornings, walk against the flow to find these stations.
At lunchtime in sunny weather, crowds move from office blocks towards the open spaces of parks and rivers.

5. Road alignment

Hot air balloon over BristolWind direction and road layout can help
Roads do not spring up randomly, they grow to carry traffic - and the bulk of traffic is either heading into or out of a town. So the biggest roads tend to be aligned in a certain way, depending on whether you are in the centre or on the outskirts.
In the north or south of town, the major roads will tend to be aligned north/south. In the northwest or southeast, they will have a bias towards northwest/southeast. This is why road maps of big towns show a radial pattern.
It is common sense, but very few people realise this when they feel lost in a big city.

6. Clouds

Edinburgh with clouds aboveLook up into the skies
One of the best ways not to lose your sense of direction is to hold onto it. My favourite way of doing this in a city is to orientate myself - using some of the clues above - and then note the direction the clouds are moving.
The wind pushing the clouds will remain fairly constant, providing there's no dramatic change in the weather.
This technique really earns its keep on underground journeys, especially to a new part of town. Simply look up before you head underground, and remember the direction of the clouds. When you emerge in a strange part of the city, look up again and you'll be able to work out which way is which from the clouds overhead.
Tristan Gooley is on BBC Two's All Roads Lead Home, which started Wednesday 5 October at 2000 BST - or catch up with iPlayer.

Wednesday, May 18, 2011

One Person's Thoughts on Living With Faceblindness

I am part of an online support community for Prosopagnosics. We have regular discussions about living with PA.  The entry in italics below was posted during a discussion on whether we think of ourselves as disabled or not.  For me, it depends on the day.

"When I went to bed last night I had a long think about how different
it is to not be FB.  I thought specifically of my friend down the
road, who is just over a year older than me and has similar
intelligence.

Here are some points:


My friend never meets someone in the village or the nearby town and

doesn't know if she's met them before or not.
She never has a conversation while trying madly to work out who the
other person is.
When someone comes into her shop she knows if they have shopped with
her before, and often she will remember something about what they have
bought previously.
She never gets confused watching tv, movie or theatre because some of
the characters look much the same.
If she leaves a crowded room, when she returns she can spot who she
was talking to before she left.
She has never confused two people because they have the same gender
and similar hair.
She has never had to wait until she's back home to have an "aha
moment" about who she was talking to earlier.
She has never worked with someone for an entire afternoon and then
failed to recognise them the very next day.
She doesn't suffer an extreme disorientation when someone close to her
radically changes their hairstyle.
If she went to school reunion she would recognise most of her
ex-classmates even though she left school more than 20 years ago!
She has never failed to recognise her own mother/sister/aunt etc
She has never stood waiting for someone only to find the other person
is waiting for her just a few yards away.

What this all leads me to think is that our state of confusion is so
normal to us that we don't actually know how extreme it is.  If my
friend was to suddenly become FB she'd be devastated.  Even when she
developed coping skills she would still look back with a sense of
intense loss.


Whether we call it disablity or not I think is just semantics.  You

could say the same about dyslexia - if the dyslexic person isn't at
this moment having to deal with reading or writing they are not
disabled in this moment, but they still qualify as disabled for
accommodations."

-Autiste Ruth
(thanks to Autiste Ruth for allowing me to re-post this)

The above statement in bold letters is as striking to me as a bang on the head. It reminds me that even when I think I am having a good day recognizing people, through the use of coping skills, I really have no idea if that it so.

Friday, May 6, 2011

Prosopagnosia, the science behind face blindness : The New Yorker

I've just finished reading Chapter four from Oliver Sacks' latest book, The Mind's Eye. It is his first person account of being prosopagnosic. Definitely worth a read, since it has a lot of good background information on the condition itself.

Here is the Abstract for the article he published in the New Yorker as a lead-in media piece. The great thing about it when it came out was the number of readers, in New York and elsewhere, who became familiar with PA.

Prosopagnosia, the science behind face blindness : The New Yorker: "ABSTRACT: A NEUROLOGIST’S NOTEBOOK about prosopagnosia, or the inability to recognize faces and places. Writer describes his own difficulties recognizing and remembering faces. He also has the same difficulty with places and often becomes lost when he strays from familiar routes. At the age of seventy-seven, despite a lifetime of trying to compensate, he has no less trouble with faces and places than when he was younger. He is particularly thrown when seeing a person out of context, even if he was with that person five minutes before. Writer gives several examples of his inability to recognize familiar people out of context, including his therapist and his assistant. After learning that his brother suffered from the same problem, the writer came to believe that they both had a specific trait, a so-called prosopagnosia, probably with a distinctive genetic basis. Mentions several other people who have the same trait, including Jane Goodall and the artist Chuck Close. Face recognition is crucially important for humans, and the vast majority of us are able to identify thousands of faces individually, or to easily pick out familiar faces in a crowd. People with prosopagnosia need to be resourceful, inventive in finding strategies for circumventing their deficits: recognizing people by an unusual nose or beard, or by their spectacles, or a certain type of clothing. Describes research done on the way the brain recognizes faces. Tells about the work of Christopher Pallis, Charles Gross, Olivier Pascalis, Isabel Gauthier, and other scientists. Above all, the recognition of faces depends not only on the ability to parse the visual aspects of the face—its particular features and their over-all configuration—and compare them with others, but also on the ability to summon the memories, experiences, and feelings associated with that face. The recognition of specific places or faces goes with a particular feeling, a sense of association and meaning. Briefly discusses déjà vu and Capgras syndrome. Considers the difference between acquired prosopagnosia—through stroke or Alzheimer’s for example—and congenital prosopagnosia. Discusses the work of Ken Nakayama and Brad Duchaine, who have explored the neural basis of face and place recognition. They have also studied the psychological effects and social consequences of developmental prosopagnosia. Severe congenital prosopagnosia is estimated to affect two to two and a half per cent of the population—six to eight million people in the United States alone.



Oliver Sacks, A Neurologist’s Notebook, “Face-Blind,” The New Yorker, August 30, 2010, p. 36

Thursday, May 5, 2011

What's in a human face? on Vimeo

What's in a human face? on Vimeo: Almudena Toral made this slide show of a prosopagnosic New York man. She is the reporter who is working on the story for NY Times video, which this man James Cooke and myself will be in. It is short and very well done.

I like the fact that he explains that he CAN see faces when he is looking at them, something that isn't always understood about prosopagnosics, in part due to the fact that we use the slang term "Faceblind".
I feel that sometimes this does us a disservice as far as describing the condition, since, with rare exception, we can all SEE faces.

I also related to the fact that he no longer really pays attention to faces. Its sad but true that when you clean little information from something, it no longer becomes that important for you to look at, except for the fact that, well, it makes people feel important. I am sometimes made aware that because I am not watching a person's face, they don't think I am listening to them. Its a big thing for humans. On the other hand, I know if I stare at a person's face, I will get little if any valuable recognition information, but i will feel more accountable as far as recognizing them in the future after they see me paying attention to their face. That's not something I relish.

Tuesday, May 3, 2011

Story for New York Times

 Almudena Toral, reporter, videotaping at my house.

Most of the day Tuesday, I was videotaped by photojournalist Almudena Toral, a free-lance journalist who is doing a piece on Prosopagnosia (PA) for the NY Times. She is about as excited about having her picture posted on this blog as I am about outing myself through her video for the New York Times.
I notice many journalists are much more comfortable telling the story than being it.

Friday, May 14, 2010

Re: Faceblidness Front and Center - Lecture in New York


World Science Festival is presenting:

Strangers in the Mirror

 

Friday, June 4, 2010, 8:00 PM - 10:30 PM

What's it like to face a faceless world? Acclaimed neurologist Oliver Sacks once apologized for almost bumping into a large bearded man, only to realize he was speaking to a mirror. Sacks and photorealist painter Chuck Close—geniuses from opposite ends of the creative spectrum—share their experiences of living with a curious condition known as "face blindness," or prosopagnosia. The two will discuss the challenges of maintaining interpersonal relationships-- when even family and close friends appear as strangers.

Moderator: Robert Krulwich

Participants: 

Chuck Close

Chuck Close Chuck Close is a visual artist noted for his highly inventive techniques used to paint the human face, and is best known for his large-scale, photo-based portrait paintings. He is also an accomplished printmaker and photographer whose work has been the subject of more than 200 solo exhibitions in more than 20 countries, including major retrospective exhibitions at New York's Museum of Modern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid and most recently at the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia. He has also participated in nearly 800 group exhibitions.read more


 

Robert Krulwich

Robert KrulwichRobert Krulwich is an award-winning radio and television journalist who has been called 'the most inventive network reporter in television' by TV Guide. He is an ABC News correspondent, NPR science correspondent, and co-host of WNYC's science documentary program, Radio Lab.read more


Oliver Sacks

Oliver SacksNeurologist Oliver Sacks has spent a lifetime exploring a vast array of human experience – from Tourette's syndrome and autism to phantom limb syndrome and schizophrenia. His many best-selling books include Uncle Tungsten, The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat, and Awakenings, which became an acclaimed film. Sacks is a professor of neurology and psychiatry at Columbia University Medical Center and a Columbia University Artist. His writings appear regularly in The New Yorker and The New York Review of Books.read more







--
dori

646-734-5211

Wednesday, February 24, 2010

Another Research-Oriented Faceblind article

Can't Place the Face? Maybe It's Your Genes - AOL News

Really felt like this one one of the poorer representations of Prosopagnosia. It emphasizes the genetic role that they have uncovered through research, but seems to minimize the extent of the problem. I was most discouraged by the quote at the end from the Neurobiologist, Margaret Livingstone, who does not seem to have a grasp of the deficit, and attributes it more to a "motivational gene" (my quotations marks).

On the plus side, it is one more piece of information to help get the word out to the mainstream media.

Can't Place the Face? Maybe It's Your Genes

Traci Watson Contributor

(Feb. 23) -- A guest at a party taps your shoulder and says, "Remember me?" If you don't, just blame it on your genes.

New research shows that the ability to recognize faces is strongly genetic, meaning that your ability to identify a second cousin last encountered 20 years ago will depend heavily on whether your parents could do the same.

Skill at facial recognition is roughly 75 percent or more inherited, says Wellesley College vision scientist Jeremy Wilmer, the lead scientist behind the new research. That means the next time you draw a blank when someone swears to have met you before, "it's at least 75 percent your parents' genetic fault," Wilmer says.

The environment in which a person grew up does play a small role, but by far the largest influence is the genetic material handed down from parents to children, he says.
Image from Cambridge Memory Test for Faces
Courtesy Jeremy Wilmer
How good are you at recognizing faces? You can test your skills at faceblind.org.

Scientists had suspected for years that face recognition might be genetic, because they've tracked down clusters of blood relatives who have trouble recognizing faces. One Las Vegas family, for example, included eight members over four generations, and they all struggled to identify other people by their faces, says Bradley Duchaine of University College London, another member of the research team.

But just because many members of one clan have the same disability doesn't necessarily mean it's in their DNA. It could be that they were all exposed to the same environmental factors in childhood.

So Wilmer and his team set out to study twins. They recruited identical twins, who share 100 percent of their genes, and nonidentical twins, who share only 50 percent of their genes. All the twins took a quiz in which they viewed six faces. Then they were shown a selection of faces and asked to pick those they'd seen before. (Take the test yourself.)

The resulting scores were all over the map. Some people did no better than if they had guessed wildly without even looking at the faces they were supposed to study. Others aced the test.

What intrigued the researchers was that for identical twins, in general, each racked up scores similar to the other twin's score. Fraternal twins were less likely to score close together. That translates to a strong genetic influence on face recognition.

The scientists double-checked their findings by having the twins take word memorization tests. They found that those who were whizzes at word memorization were not necessarily geniuses at face memorization -- meaning that the ability to store and recall faces is a unique and individual skill that has nothing to do with memory overall.

One scientist not affiliated with the research team describes its work as "beautiful." Neurobiologist Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University says that perhaps some genes make people want to look at faces, giving them the practice to shine at the task of recognizing a crooked eyebrow or a thick nose.

The new study was published in the most recent issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Filed under: Science

Tuesday, December 15, 2009

Re: faceblind: Prosopagnosia Research

faceblind: Prosopagnosia Research

Here is another testing opportunity for Prosopagnosia on west coast of the USA.
Posted in LiveJournal July 23rd, 2009

Prosopagnosia Research
I recently went to visit Dr. Nathan Witthoft, an individual working in the Stanford Vision and Perception Neuroscience Lab, who is doing research on individuals that have prosopagnosia. I had a very good time speaking with him and taking part in his tests. It was really neat to actually have someone test my facial perception and show me how I fared compared with people that are more neurotypical. I'm really curious to see what he comes up with in his research.

Anyways, he's looking for more volunteers to come in and take some of his tests, so I thought I'd pass along the information, as he is a nice guy doing legit research in this field.

Here's a description of what he's doing that he sent me:
" I work in a visual neuroscience lab that studies high level vision using psychophysics and fMRI. We have an ongoing project studying people with congenital prosopagnosia. Generally speaking people with CP have normal vision and normal cognition but extraordinary difficulty recognizing people from their faces. This difficulty is lifelong, though it does take some people a while to realize that there face recognition is not as good as most other people. The experiments are a number of psychophysical tasks which we use to try to understand the nature of the problem and also several brain imaging experiments including fMRI and DTI (mapping the white matter pathways in the brain). We do pay for subjects' time, though the amount is limited by the IRB, generally 15$/hour for the behavioral studies and 30$/hour for the imaging. Let me know if the description sounds like you and you are interested in participating. If you are not sure if you fall into this group or not, we have our own set of tests that are fairly good at
picking out people with real difficulties."

The lab's website is here: http://vpnl.stanford.edu/

If you have any interest in working with him, his email address is witthoft@stanford.edu. I think he's looking for locals, since he wants people to come into his office to do the tests, but if you know anyone that might be interested, let them know.



Wednesday, July 22, 2009

Perception and Prosopagnosia



This is an hour long presentation by Lynn Robertson, from UC Berkely, on prosopagnosia presented by the Google TechTalks Series.










Friday, May 29, 2009

MSNBC Story on Super-Recognizers

Some people never forget a face - Behavior

MSN Tracking Image
  MSNBC.com

Some people never forget a face
'Super-recognizers' have uncanny ability to remember everyone they meet
By Elizabeth Fernandez
msnbc.com contributor
updated 8:27 a.m. ET, Thurs., May 28, 2009

We've all had that sinking feeling: a person seems familiar, someone we might have once met, but somehow we just can't place the face.

Not Jennifer Jarett. She never forgets a face. Not even someone she met for just a moment, not even decades later.

Jarett is a "super-recognizer,'' a freshly minted term for an elite group of people who are exceptional at remembering faces.

"It's sort of a weird thing to be able to do,'' says Jarett, 38, a Manhattan resident who works as a city employee. "My friends refer to me as their memory. People's faces don't really change to me, even people from my childhood. It's as if they are cemented in my brain.''

Psychologists at Harvard University have discovered that Jarett shares her special knack with others, establishing for the first time that some people have superior skills at face recognition.  

From face blind to super-vision
New research shows that there's a broad range of face-recognition ability, a spectrum ranging from the "face blind'' to those on the opposite end with superior powers of perception.

"Super-recognizers actually see faces differently,'' says Dr. Richard Russell, a researcher in the Harvard Vision Sciences Laboratory and lead author of the new study published in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. "They can recognize people out of context, people who aren't important to them, people who they may have met only briefly.''

Russell and his colleagues were investigating developmental prosopagnosia, a condition in which people have normal vision but are unable to recognize faces, even those of close relatives — an estimated 2 percent of the general population has exceptionally poor face-recognition ability.

Amid the research, the scientists were contacted by Jarett and several others claiming to have stellar recognition abilities.

Intrigued, the scientists concocted a battery of difficult tests. One, called Before They Were Famous, required the subjects to identify famous individuals as children. All four test subjects passed the experiments with high marks. 

"My boyfriend called me a freak of nature,'' says Christine Erickson, 42, a stay-at-home mother of two in Boston, one of the super-recognizers.  Erickson once had a chance encounter with a woman who years earlier had been her waitress.

"She had transformed from being an edgy-looking urban hipster to having long hair and looking completely different,'' says Erickson. "I flipped through my mental files and recognized her.''

Super-recognizer or, um, stalker?
To their chagrin, super-recognizers have learned that their special gifts are not always appreciated.

"People sometimes give me strange looks, like I was stalking them,'' says Jarett.

Riding the subway about a year ago, she recognized a man who once worked for her hairdresser.

"I said 'You were Barry's assistant.' He looked at me funny — it had been five years. So I said 'Oh, the reason I remember you is because you did such a good job blowing out my hair.' He seemed really flattered.''

Jarett hasn't found any particular use for her skill, but the study says benefits might surface. For instance, airport security employees could be screened for their ability to recognize faces, and eyewitnesses to crimes could similarly be assessed.

Tips for ordinary folks
For people with average ability, Dr. Jim Tanaka, a professor of psychology at the University of Victoria in British Columbia, Canada, who is not connected with the new study, offers a few tips to enhance recognition.

"Pay close attention to the dynamics of the face — the movement, the expressions, the different angles,'' says Tanaka, who studies cognitive and neurological processes underlying face recognition.

Also, he says, put less emphasis on superficial cues that can change over time, such as hairstyles and eyeglasses.

"Try to remember the structural aspects of the face instead of incidental surface features,'' he says. "Don't focus too much on details, but rather form an overall, holistic impression of a person's face.''

As for Jarett, she's thrilled with her new scientific designation.

"My friends and I joke that I should get a cape with a big S on it,'' she says. "When I was little, I always wanted to have super powers. Now I'm finally getting to fulfill my childhood dream.''

Elizabeth Fernandez is a writer based in San Francisco.

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